Mummy Brown and Other Historical Colors – Veritable Hokum

  Everything © Korwin Briggs

How did humanity discover how to make colors?

The quick answer is that we, even as cave-dwellers, ground up everything we could get our hands on. Comic creator of Veritable Hokum and historian Korwin Briggs recently assembled a chart that demonstrates the incredible millenniums-long process that resulted from that urge. Many of the paint colors that we take for granted today were actually difficult to come by for most of human history.

Often because the stuff we ground up to make colors was poisonous and kind of killed us!   - From Tor.com 

See the Infographic and read more:  

Mummy Brown and Other Historical Colors – Veritable Hokum:

New clay tablet adds 20 lines to Epic of Gilgamesh

New clay tablet adds 20 lines to Epic of Gilgamesh


Newly discovered clay Tablet V of the Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh. in the Sulaymaniah Museum in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq has corrected the order of chapters, filled in blanks and added 20 lines to the Epic of Gilgamesh.


Read various versions of The Epic of Gilgamesh:
Project Gutenberg:

• An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic by Clay and Jastrow. (also on archive.org)
• The Epic of Gilgamish by Stephen Langdon
• Assyrian International News Agency Books Online (PDF)

Audio Readings and books:

From Internet Archive: The Epic of Gilgamesh - a new translation

by Prince Frederick, MD Performed by George Guidall. 

Hear The Epic of Gilgamesh Read in its Original Ancient Language, Akkadian.  Standard Version, Tablet XI, lines 1-163, read by Karl Hecker


The University of London’s Department of the Languages and Cultures of the Ancient Near. Readings of Gilgamesh, The Epic of Anzu, the Codex Hammurabi and other Babylonian texts.

Cuneiform

• English to Cuneiform Translator. Babylonian,or here,  Sumerian
Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative.
• Cuneiform the system of writing used in the ancient Middle East. Cuneiform was employed for writing a number of languages from about the end of the 4th millennium BC until about the 1st century BC.
• Akkadian Akkadian
• Elamite
• Hittite 
• Old Persian Cuneiform
• Sumerian
• Ugaritic

Akkadian was a semitic language spoken in Mesopotamia (modern Iraq and Syria) between about 2,800 BC and 500 AD. It was named after the city of Akkad and first appeared in Sumerian texts dating from 2,800 BC in the form of Akkadian names. Read more on omniglot.com

Sumerian was spoken in Sumer in southern Mesopotamia (part of modern Iraq) from perhaps the 4th millennium BC until about 2,000 BC, when it was replaced by Akkadian as a spoken language, though continued to be used in writing for religious, artistic and scholarly purposes until about the 1st century AD. Sumerian is not related to any other known language so is classified as a language isolate. Read more on omniglot.com

Source:http://pandora.cii.wwu.edu/vajda/ling201/writingsystems/sumeriancuneiform.htm

Links

Sumerian language and writing system:

• ancientscripts.com Sumerian
• Wikipedia Cuneiform 
• Wikipedia.org Sumerian language
• sumerian.org
• Sumerian Lexicon

Akkadian language and writing system:

• Akkadian, an introduction collected by John Heise
• Wikipedia Akkadian language
• Wikipedia Akkadian Cuneiform
• ancientscripts.com Akkadian
• The Akkadians - by Robert A. Guisepi and F. Roy Williams
• Akkadian Dictionary

Early Akkadian Literature - a Text Corpus of Babylonian and Assyrian Literary Texts from the 3rd and 2nd Millennia BC: